fpm

Electrònica / Electronics

Aficions14 seccions577 enllaçosVeure l'original

Seccions d'aquesta pàgina 14

01General#

02Botigues / Shops#

03Components#

04Circuits#

05Electrònica de consum / Consumer electronics#

06Mesures / Measures#

07Microcontroladors / Microcontrollers#

08PCB#

09Connectors#

10Cables#

  • Secció / Section
  • Cable de parell trenat / Twisted pair
    • Categoria / Category
      • categoria

        CAT 5 100Mbps 100MHz
        CAT 5e 1Gbps 125MHz
        CAT 6 1Gbps 250MHz
        CAT 6a 10Gbps 500MHz
        CAT 7 10Gbps 600MHz
        CAT 8 40Gbps 2000MHz
    • Apantallament / Shield
      • U – sense apantallar / unshielded
        F – pantalla de làmina / foil shielding
        S – pantalla de cable trenat / braided shielding (outer layer only)
        TP – cable trenat / twisted pair
        TQ – twisted pair, individual shielding in quads
      • industry ISO/IEC 11801 cable parell
        UTP U/UTP - -
        STP U/FTP -
        FTP F/UTP x -
        STP S/UTP x x
        SFTP


11Programari / Software#

  • Thac's MDK 9.2 utils 
  • Comparison of EDA software (wp)
  • List of free electronics circuit simulators (wp)
  • Useful Tools for Drawing Electrical Circuits
  • Lab
  • Android
    • Resistor colours
    • Resistor colours (optical) (tbd)
  • EDA suite
    (gplEDA, wp)
    		 schema
    		 simulation
    		 pcb edit
    		 pcb view

    		Dia



    		qelectrotech



    		XCircuit





    		Eagle PCB Software (.brd)
    EasyEDA (web)
    		 x
    		x
    Fritzing x
    		 x
    		 x



    		PCB 123
    gEDA
    		 gschem
    		PCB (.pcb)
    Ringdove EDA



    KiCAD
    		 Eeschema
    		Pcbnew GerbView
    Upverter (web)






    		PCB (sf)




    		gerbv


    		gwave



    		GTKWave



    		Icarus Verilog



    		NGSpice



    		oregano



    		Qucs

  • Circuits
    • LaTeX CircuiTikz
    • KiCad
    • Fritzing
      • Fritzing Fab (Aisler) (PCB manufacturing)
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Download
        • Mageia
          • urpmi fritzing
        • Des de codi font / From source code
          • 1. Building Fritzing / 4. Publishing a release (release.sh)
            • Info
            • Dependències / Dependencies
              • Mageia
                • sudo dnf install ...
                • urpmi libboost-devel lib64qt5serialport-devel lib64qt5printsupport-devel lib64qt5network-devel lib64qt5sql-devel lib64qt5concurrent-devel lib64qt5svg-devel
              • From source
                • libgit2
                  • dependències
                    • Mageia
                      • urpmi lib64ssh2-devel
                  • cd ~/src/
                  • wget https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/releases/download/v1.0.1/libgit2-1.0.1.tar.gz
                  • tar xvf libgit2-1.0.1.tar.gz
                  • ln -s libgit2-1.0.1 libgit2
                  • cd libgit2-1.0.1
                  • mkdir build && cd build
                  • cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF ..
                  • cmake --build .
                  • sudo make install
            • Compilació / Compilation
              • git clone https://github.com/fritzing/fritzing-app.git
              • git clone https://github.com/fritzing/fritzing-parts.git
              • cd fritzing-app
              • git checkout 0.9.4-fixes
              • cd tools/linux_release_script/
              • ./release.sh 0.9.4
        • ...
      • Ús / Usage
        • frtizing
        • fritzing -debug
      • Tutorials
      • Views
        • Breadboard
          • align to grid
          • rotate: drag and drop corner (e.g. to get each leg of a rectifier on a different column)
          • clic sobre un punt: mostra en groc tots el elements connectats elèctricament
          • wire
            • bendpoint: use shift to add 90 deg
            • curved: CONTROL + add bendpoint
              • default behaviour: Edit -> Preferences -> Breadbord View -> Curvy wires and legs
          • component
            • curved leg: CONTROL + drag pin
            • moure un component però deixant-lo connectat / move component but leave it connected: META (tecla Windows) + drag
              • si no funciona (en lloc de moure el component es mou la finestra) / if it does not work:
                • Arranjament del sistema -> Gestió de les finestres - Comportament de les finestres -> Accions de la finestra -> Accions de finestra interior, barra de títol i marc -> Tecla modificadora: Meta Alt
      • Simulació / Simulation
      • Dirs
        • system user modeltrain
          • /usr/share/fritzing/
          • ~/.config/Fritzing/
            • fzz/
            • partfactory/
          parts from distribution:
          • /usr/share/fritzing/parts/
          • .../fritzing-0.9.3b.linux.AMD64/fritzing-parts/
          		 saved from parts editor:
          • ~/Documents/Fritzing/parts/
          bins/
          • *.fzb
          		bins/
          • .fzb
          svg/
          • contrib/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematc/
          • core/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • obsolete/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • user/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          		 svg/
          • contrib/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematc/
          • user/
            • breadboard/
              • <prefix>_<random>_<index>_breadboard.svg
            • icon/
              • <prefix>_<random>_<index>_icon.svg
            • pcb/
              • <prefix>_<random>_<index>_pcb.svg
            • schematc/
              • <prefix>_<random>_<index>_schematic.svg
          		 svg/
          • components/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • connectors/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • dcc/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • signals/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          • tracks/
            • breadboard/
            • icon/
            • pcb/
            • schematic/
          contrib/
          • placeholder.txt

          core/
          • *.fzp

          obsolete/
          • *.fzp

          user/
          • placeholder.txt
          • 74xx08.fzp
          		 user/
          • <prefix>_<random>_<index>.fzp


          		components/
          • .fzp


          		connectors/
          • .fzp
          • .fzpz


          		dcc/


          		signals/


          		tracks/
      • File structure
        • File formats
          • bin: .fzb (only references to .fzp); .fzbz (created calling "Export bin"; zip containing real files: .fzb, .fzp, .svg) 
            • part: .fzp (only refences to .svg); .fzpz (created calling "Export part"; zip containing real files: .fzp, .svg) 
              • graphic: .svg (breadboard, icon, pcb, schematic) (created with external tools, e.g. Inkscape)
        • fzbz

          		.fzpz
          bin part graphic
          .fzb .fzp .svg
          references to .fzp references to .svg
          • module
            • title
            • instances
              • instance moduleIdRef="__spacer__" path="Label Name"
                • views
              • instance moduleIdRef="my_part" path="path_to/my_part.fzp"
              • ...
          • module
            • views
              • iconView
                • layers
                  • layer
                  • layer
                  • ...
              • breadboardView
              • schematicView
              • ...
            • connectors
            • ...
      • Bins
        • bins that appear on gui are referenced in:
          • ~/.config/Fritzing/Fritzing.conf
        • fzb format
          • ...
        • create a bin from gui
          • New Bin...
          • drag a part from another bin to it
          • Save Bin
      • Parts
        • regenerate database
          • fritzing -db /path/to/parts/parts.db
          • Part -> Regenerate parts database
        • repositories
          • usage
            • Import...
              • Fritzing part (.fzpz) (.fzp)
                • will copy the fzpz file to bin from we started the import action
              • Fritzing Bin (.fzb)
                • will reference the selected bin
              • Fritzing Shareable Bin (.fzbz)
                • will unzip the file onto contrib dir
          • Parts submit (Fritzing forum)
          • fritzing/fritzing-parts (shipped with Fritzing: .../fritzing-0.9.3b.linux.AMD64/fritzing-parts/)
            • contrib/
            • core/
              • *.fzp
            • obsolete/
            • user/
            • svg/
              • contrib/
              • core/
              • obsolete/
              • user/
          • francesc.pinyol.m/fritzing-modeltrain
            • bins/
              • modeltrains.fzbz
            • components/
              • 6N137.fzpz
            • connectors/
              • Phoenix_MPT-2_2_54mm_pitch.fzpz
              • Phoenix_MKDS-2_3_81mm_pitch.fzpz
            • svg/
              • dcc/
              • signals/
              • tracks/
          • sparkfun/Fritzing_Parts
            • parts/
              • *.svg
            • products/
              • *.fzpz
          • kaitlynfranz/Digilent_Fritzing_Parts
        • custom parts
          • Rules
            • Download fonts and templates
              • Instal·leu els tipus de lletres / Install fonts
                • wget http://fritzing.org/media/uploads/learning/graphic_standards/fontsandtemplates.zip
                • unzip fontsandtemplates.zip
                • cd FontsAndTemplates/Fonts
                • mkdir ~/.local/share/fonts/
                • cp */*.ttf ~/.local/share/fonts/
                • fc-cache -f -v
                • fc-list
                  • .../.local/share/fonts/OCRA.ttf: OCRA:style=Regular
                    .../.local/share/fonts/OCRA.otf: OCRA:style=Medium
                    .../.local/share/fonts/DroidSans.ttf: Droid Sans:style=Regular
                    .../.local/share/fonts/DroidSans-Bold.ttf: Droid Sans:style=Bold
                    .../.local/share/fonts/DroidSansMono.ttf: Droid Sans Mono:style=Regular
            • 2.1 Part file format
              • FZP format
                • <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
                  <module moduleId="1a4bfb87a0f0fd2c59be43f3497d72e6" fritzingVersion="0.3.16b.02.24.4002">
                  <author>Stefan Hermann</author>
                  <version>2</version>
                  <title>Blue LED - 5mm</title>
                  <url></url>
                  <label>LED</label>
                  <date>2008-10-10</date>
                  <description>A generic blue LED (~1.8V)</description>
                  <tags>
                      <tag>LED</tag>
                      <tag>Blue LED</tag>
                      <tag>indicator</tag>
                      <tag>fritzing core</tag>
                  </tags>
                  <properties>
                      <property name="family">Potentiometer</property>
                      <property name="type">Trimmer Potentiometer</property>
                      <property name="Maximum Resistance">10k&#8486;</property>
                      <property name="Track">Linear</property>
                      <property name="Size">Trimmer - 6mm</property>
                  </properties>
                  <views>
                      <iconView>
                          <layers image="icon/LED-blue-5mmicon.svg" >
                              <layer layerId="icon" />
                          </layers>
                      </iconView>
                      <breadboardView fliphorizontal="true" flipvertical="true" >
                          <layers image="breadboard/LED-5mm-blue.svg" >
                              <layer layerId="breadboard" />
                          </layers>
                      </breadboardView>
                      <schematicView>
                          <layers image="schematic/led.svg" >
                              <layer layerId="schematic" />
                          </layers>
                      </schematicView>
                      <pcbView>
                          <layers image="pcb/T1.75_LED.svg" >
                              <layer layerId="copper0" />
                              <layer layerId="copper1" />
                              <layer layerId="silkscreen" />
                          </layers>
                      </pcbView>
                  </views>
                  <connectors>
                      <connector type="male" id="connector0" name="cathode" >
                          <description>cathode pin</description>
                          <views>
                              <breadboardView>
                                  <p svgId="connector0pin" layer="breadboard" terminalId="connector0terminal" />
                              </breadboardView>
                              <schematicView>
                                  <p svgId="connector0pin" layer="schematic" terminalId="connector0terminal" />
                              </schematicView>
                              <pcbView>
                                  <p svgId="connector0pad" layer="copper0" />
                                  <p svgId="connector0pad" layer="copper1" />
                              </pcbView>
                          </views>
                      </connector>
                      <connector type="male" id="connector1" name="anode" >
                          <description>anode pin</description>
                          <views>
                              <breadboardView>
                                  <p svgId="connector1pin" layer="breadboard" terminalId="connector1terminal" />
                              </breadboardView>
                              <schematicView>
                                  <p svgId="connector1pin" layer="schematic" terminalId="connector1terminal" />
                              </schematicView>
                              <pcbView>
                                  <p svgId="connector1pad" layer="copper0" />
                                  <p svgId="connector1pad" layer="copper1" />
                              </pcbView>
                          </views>
                      </connector>
                  </connectors>
              • About SVGs
                • superset of SVG 1.2 Tiny
                • Inkscape
                  • put transform in g element, instead of graphical element
                • More SVG topics
                  • drill="no"
                  • id="noconn"
                  • id="boardoutline"
            • Graphics standards
          • Tutorials
          • Fritzing (New) Parts Editor
            • create svg files from scratch (e.g. using Inkscape) or use an existing part (e.g. CORE / IC / DIP 8-pins, in /usr/share/fritzing/parts/svg/)
              • breadboard
              • icon
              • pcb
              • schematic
            • open Part -> Edit (new parts editor)
            • import svg files with "Load image for view", in the corresponding tab
            • connect all connectors in each tab
            • modify data in Metadata tab
            • "Save as new part" will save files at: ~/Documents/Fritzing/parts/, as <prefix>_<random>_{breadboard,icon,pcb,schematic}.svg
              • svg/
                • user/
                  • breadboard/
                    • <prefix>_<random>_breadboard.svg
                  • icon/
                    • <prefix>_<random>_icon.svg
                  • pcb/
                    • <prefix>_<random>_pcb.svg
                  • schematic/
                    • <prefix>_<random>_schematic.svg
              • user/
                • <prefix>_<random>.fzp
            • test a bin containing references to local files with absolute path:
              • create bin
              • add part (you can also manually edit the .fzb file, whose absolute path will be in ~/.config/Fritzing/Fritzing.conf)
            • Distribute (e.g. to GitLab):
              • svg files as <prefix>_{breadboard,icon,pcb,schematic}.svg
              • parts as .fzpz files, created with "Export Part..."
              • optionally, bins as .fzbz, created with "Export Bin..."
          • Inkscape
            • fitxers / files
              • name sample obsolete sample (templates) content
                <my_part>_breadboard.svg fritzing-parts/svg/user/breadboard/74xx08_breadboard.svg FontsAndTemplates/Templates/BreadboardViewGraphic_Template.svg <g id="breadboard">
                  <!-- text with id=label will be replaced by text in Metadata tab: Title -->
                  <text id="label" font-family="Droid Sans" ...>74xx08</text>
                  <text id="label2" font-family="OCRA" ...>IC</text>   <!-- will not work: style="font-family:'Droid Sans'; -->
                </g>
                <my_part>_schematic.svg fritzing-parts/svg/user/schematic/74xx08_schematic.svg FontsAndTemplates/Templates/SchematicViewGraphic_Template.svg <g id="schematic">
                  <text transform="..."                 fill="#000000" font-family="'DroidSans'" font-size="6">Part</text>
                  <g id="pins">
                    <line .../>
                  </g>
                  <g id="pin_numbers">
                    <text transform="..." fill="#555555" font-family="'DroidSans'" font-size="3">5</text>
                  </g>
                  <g id="pin_labels">
                    <text transform="..." fill="#555555" font-family="'DroidSans'" font-size="4.5">Out</text>   </g>
                </g>
                <my_part>_icon.svg fritzing-parts/svg/user/icon/74xx08_icon.svg
                		<g id="icon"...
                <my_part>_pcb.svg fritzing-parts/svg/user/pcb/74xx08_pcb.svg FontsAndTemplates/Templates/PCBViewGraphic_Template.svg
                <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?>
                <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" baseProfile="tiny" version="1.2" x="0in" y="0in" width="0.42in" height="0.72in" viewBox="0 0 420 720">
                  <g id="pcb"></g>
                  <g id="keepout"></g>
                  <g id="soldermask"></g>
                  <g id="outline"></g>
                  <g id="silkscreen">
                    <line y1="10" x2="10" x1="10" y2="710" stroke="white" stroke-width="10"/>
                  </g>
                  <g id="copper0">
                    <g id="copper1">
                      <rect id="square" x="32.5" y="32.5" width="55" height="55" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 191, 0)" stroke-width="20"/>
                      <circle id="connector0pin" cx="60" cy="60" r="27.5" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 191, 0)" stroke-width="20"/>
                    </g>
                  </g>
                </svg>




            • regles / rules (Providing Part Graphics, About SVGs)
              • tipografia / fonts:
                • Droid Sans
                • OCRA
              • single layer
              • group all graphical elements and rename this group according to what it represents (“breadboard”, "schematic", "pcb" or "icon").
              • for pcb:
                • make sure that you have this XML structure:
                  • svg:g id="silkscreen"
                  • svg:g id="copper0"
                    • svg:.g id="copper1"
                • and that there is no transform in copper0 or in copper1 element: otherwise, when importing this svg from parts editor ("Load image for view..."), the copy svg will contain an intermediary node:
                  • g id="copper0"
                    • transform="..."
                      • g id="copper1"
                  • and there will be an error:
                    • This version of the new Parts Editor can not deal with separate copper0 and copper1 layers in '.../prefix0000_xxxx_y_pcb.svg'. So editing may produce an invalid PCB view image
                • to remove all transformations, on XML editor:
                  • select g node with id="copper0"
                  • Desagrupa
                  • select g node with id="copper1"
                  • Desagrupa
                  • Agrupa
                  • Agrupa
                  • rename group elements (id="gxxxx") so as they become:
                    • svg:g id="copper0"
                      • svg:.g id="copper1"
              • select all elements, "Fit page to selection"
              • deseu-lo com a «SVG simple» / save as "Plain SVG"
              • Visualitza / Graella de la pàgina (#)
              • Fitxer / Propietats del document
                • Pàgina
                  • Mostra les unitats: in
                  • Mida de la pàgina
                    • A mida
                      • Unitats: in
                      • Amplada: ...
                      • Alçada: ...
                    • Escala
                      • Escala x: 1000 Unitats d'usuari per in
                        • els valors dels elements svg seran en mil·lèsimes de polzada
                  • Fons
                    • Fons de tauler d'escacs
                • Graelles
                  • Graella rectangular: Nova
                    • Unitats de la graella: in
                    • Espaiat X: 0,10000
                    • Espaiat Y: 0,10000
          • ...
    • gEDA suite
      • NOT ACTIVELY DEVELOPED ANYMORE. See Ringdove EDA.
      • Tutorials
        • gschem Warmup for Beginners
        • gschem -> gsch2pcb -> PCB
          • dir structure
            • ~
              • .gEDA
                • gafrc
                  • (component-library "${HOME}/gaf/gschem-sym")
                • gschemrc
                  • (load (build-path geda-rc-path "gschem-colormap-lightbg")) ; light background
              • gaf
                • gschem-sym/
                  • transistors/
                • pcb-elements/
                  • ...
                • myproject1/
                  • packages -> ../pcb-elements/
                  • project
                    • schematics one.sch two.sch
                      output-name board
                  • one.sch
                  • two.sch
          • Passos / Steps
            1. gschem one.sch
            2. gschem two.sch
            3. refdes_renum --pgskip one.sch two.sch
            4. gsch2pcb [-v] project
              • board.pcb
              • board.net
            5. pcb board.pcb
              • Select -> Disperse all elements
              • File -> Load netlist file: board.net
              • Connects -> Optimize rats nest (O)
              • Select -> Auto place selected elements
        • Getting Started With PCB
      • Elements


        		• source
          		 system
          		 examples
          		 contrib
          		 tool
          		 user dir
          		 setup








          		gschem: project
          		 pcb
          gscheme symbols
          		symbols/
          		 /usr/share/gEDA/sym/
          		gedasymbols
          		 ~/gaf/gschem-sym/

          pcb footprints
          		 m4 macros (old style: still used to define family parts)
          		*.inc (-> .m4, .list)
          /usr/[local]/share/pcb/m4/
          • (pcblib)
            • ~amp (amp.list)
            • ...
            • ~geda (geda.list)
            • ...
          		Footprint naming conventions
          • Element ( ... )
          • integrated circuits
            • DIP8
            • DIP18 (same as DIL 18 300)
          • resistor
            • R025 (1/4W)
          		10.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries
          Custom M4 elements
          gschem
          		 m4 arguments
          footprint
          		 $1: canonical name
          refdes
          		 $2: name on PCB
          value
          		 $3: value


          • m4-file /path/to/anyfile
          • m4-pcbdir /path/to/pcb/m4
          • # m4 program is gm4 instead of m4:
            m4-command gm4
          file elements (new style: from pcb program)
          		 *.fp
          /usr/[local]/share/pcb/
          • pcblib-newlib
            • amp
            • amphenol
            • aries
            • bourns
            • candk
            • connector
            • crystal
            • cts
            • geda
            • generic
            • gtag
            • johnstech
            • minicircuits
            • nichicon
            • optek
            • optical
            • panasonic
            • pci
            • tdk
            • toko
            • unide_chemicon
          • newlib
            • 2_pin_trhu-hole_packages
            • connectors
            • crystal
            • electro-optics
            • headers
            • msp430
            • not_vetted_ingo
            • tests
          • Element [ ... ]
          • capacitor
            • ...
          • transistor (guide)
            • TO92
          • connector
            • newlib/connectors/
              • 3terminal_screw_block
            • ...

          		10.2 New Style Libraries
          Custom file elements
          • create VIA
          • N: 1, 2
          • top silk
          • LINE
          • SEL
          • Buffer -> Cut selection to buffer + click on 1
          • Buffer -> Convert buffer to element
          • Buffer -> Save buffer elements to file
          		~/gaf/pcb-elements/
          • elements-dir /usr/local/share/pcb/pcb-elements
          • elements-dir ~/gaf/pcb-elements/
          		 File -> Preferences -> Library
      • gedasymbols
      • gaf
        • Components
          • gschem: schematic capture
          • gnetlist: netlist generation
          • gattrib: attribute editor
          • utilities
            • gaf
            • utilities for schematics: refdes_renum, grenum, garchive, gschlas
            • utilities for symbols: gsymcheck, gsymfix, gmk_sym, tragesym
            • tools to facilitate netlisting: gsch2pcb, gnet_hier_verilog.sh
            • utilities for printing and graphical output: schdiff, gpstoimage
            • format conversion tools: convert_sym, smash_megafile, olib, sarlacc_schem, sarlacc_sym
            • tools for interaction with other programs: gxyrs, sw2asc, pads_backannotate, pcb_backannotate
            • update utilities: gschupdate, gsysmupdate
        • Instal·lació / Installation
          • compilació / compilation
            • Dependències / Dependencies
              • Mageia
                • urpmi lib64guile-devel
            • git clone --depth 10 git://git.geda-project.org/geda-gaf.git
            • cd geda-gaf
            • ./autogen.sh && make && sudo make install
          • Mageia
            • urpmi geda
          • /usr/share/gEDA/sym/...
          • /etc/
        • Ús / Usage




          • Edit
            		 E
            		 E
            		 edit element


            		I
            		 mirror


            		N
            		 make attributes visible


            		R
            		 rotate
            View
            		 V
            		 E
            		 view extents
      • pcb
        • Instal·lació / Installation
          • compilació / compilation
            • README.git
            • INSTALL
            • Dependències / Dependencies
              • Mageia
                • urpmi intltool texinfo-tex lib64dbus-devel lib64freeglut-devel lib64gtkglext-devel lib64gd-devel
            • git clone --depth 10 git://git.geda-project.org/pcb.git
            • cd pcb
            • ./autogen.sh && make && sudo make install
          • Mageia
            • urpmi pcb
        • Ús / Usage



          • View
            		 z
            		 zoom



            Edit
            		 F9
            		 ROT tool

            		TAB
            		 flip board

            		u
            		 undo
            Routes f
            		 View route

            		o
            		 Optimize rats nest

12Robots#

  • K-Team (miniature mobile robot)

13USB#

14Capses / Cases#

http://www.francescpinyol.cat/.html
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