Telecom

• European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
• Comisión nacional de los mercados y la competencia
  • Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones (CMT)
• Quowebit
• Cibertele
  • Quién es quién en las telecomunicaciones en España (pdf)
• ePanorama
  • Telecommunication Electronics Page
• Cisco
  • Internetworking Basics
  • Internetworking Glossary

• MAC
  • IEEE OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
    • OUI public listing: public OUI and 'company_id' assignments
  • MAC address discovering
  • MAC address spoofing
    • Linux
      • GNU MAC changer
    • MSWindows
      • registry
      • macshift
    • MacOS

• Numeración (CMT)
  • Tablas de numeración (.zip)
• Jazztel
  • ADSL / mòbil
    • Telèfon d'atenció al client
      • 1565
  • Jazztel prepago (Jazzcard)
    • Telèfon d'atenció al client
      • 1569
      • dl-dv: 13:00-21:00
      • ds: 9:00-15:00
    • Área de clientes
      • NIF
    • Condiciones generales
      • S'extingirà el contracte al cap de 60 dies si no es fa:
        • cap consum en 2 mesos
        • cap recàrrega en 5 mesos

• ADSL (SETSI - MCyT)
  • Centrales Locales de ADSL
  • Disponibilidad por número de teléfono
• Guía de configuración ADSL (MeriStation)
• Comparativa de accesos ADSL 256 con router
• Escuela de ADSL (Terra) 
• ADSLayuda 
  • Wanadoo directo
• Wanadoo directo 
  • Tarifas
  • Condiciones
• ADSL 4 ever 
  • Test de velocidad
• BandaAncha
• ADSL Zone
• Zona ADSL2
• Revolución ADSL (tabla XLS) (PC Actual) 
• ADSL: tout savoir sur l'ADSL en France
• Vodafone
  • Ayuda
    • Códigos para desvíos e identificación de llamadas en Vodafone ADSL
    • ADSL
    • Routers
      • Sercomm AD 1018 ADSL (pdf)
  • Foro Vodafone
    • ADSL, Internet y fijo
      • Preguntas y respuestas frecuentes (Teléfono Fijo)
  • Configurar y usar otro router con Vodafone ADSL
• Jazztel
  • Consultas más comunes (ADSL Zone)
  • Jazztel paga la permanencia del móvil con Pack Ahorro Sin Límite (NO amb «Pack Ahorro 100»)

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • E-mail alias service
  • Spectrum
  • IEEExplore 
• Col·legi Oficial d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació de Catalunya (COETC)
• Associació Catalana d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació (ACET)
• Instituto de la Ingeniería de España (IIES)
  • Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación COIT/AEIT
    • PESIT (estudios socioprofesionales)
  • BIT (publicació)
• Localret

• Why is SCTP needed given TCP and UDP are widely available?

• Internet suit protocol (Wikipedia)
• Subnetwork (Wikipedia)

• class	leading bits	start	end	default submask	CIDR notation	use
  A	0xxxxxxx.X.X.X	1.0.0.0	126.0.0.0	255.0.0.0	/8
  B	10xxxxxx.X.X.X	128.0.0.0	191.255.0.0	255.255.0.0	/16
  C	110xxxxx.X.X.X	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.0	255.255.255.0	/24
  D	1110xxxx.X.X.X	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.0			multicast
  E	1111xxxx.X.X.X	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.0			reserved

• Private networks (RFC 3330 "Special-Use IPv4 addresses"):

  range	CIDR notation
  10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255	/8
  169.254.0.0/16	/16	Link Local (APIPA: no DHCP found) (/etc/networks: link-local) RFC 3927 169.254.169.254: used by AWS
  172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255	/12
  192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255	/16

• Multicast
  • Programari multicast / Multicast software
    • netstat for multicast
  • Internet Multicast Addresses (IANA) (224.0.0.0/4 -> 11100000.0.0.0):

    start	end	notation	block	notes
    224.0.0.0	224.0.0.255	224.0.0/24	Local Network Control	TTL=1 (not forwarded by routers)
    224.0.1.0	224.0.1.255	224.0.1/24	Internetwork Control	global
    224.0.2.0	224.0.255.255		Ad-hoc I
    224.1.0.0	224.1.255.255	224.1/16	Reserved
    224.2.0.0	224.2.255.255	224.2/16	SDP/SAP (SAPv1: 224.2.127.254)
    224.3.0.0	224.4.255.255	224.3/16, 224.4/16	Ad-hoc II
    224.5.0.0	224.251.255.255	251/16s	Reserved
    224.252.0.0	224.255.255.255	224.252/14	DIS Transient Groups
    225.0.0.0	231.255.255.255	7/8s	Reserved
    232.0.0.0	232.255.255.255	232/8	Source-specific multicast
    233.0.0.0	233.251.255.255	233.0.0.0/8	GLOP	RFC 2770 (AS number)
    233.252.0.0	233.255.255.255	233.252/14	Ad-hoc III
    234.0.0.0	234.255.255.255		Unicast-prefix-based
    235.0.0.0	238.255.255.255		Scoped multicast ranges: reserved
    239.0.0.0	239.255.255.255		Scoped multicast ranges: organization-local scope	RFC 2365

  • MAC multicast addresses (Cisco):

    01:00:5e:00:00:00	01:00:5e:7f:ff:ff	IANA multicast

    multicast: xxxx xxx1: xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx
• TCP/IP handbook (pdf)
• sendip: Send arbitrary IP packets
  • urpmi sendip
• Packet size
  • Optimal IP Packet Size for Efficient Data Transmission
    in DVB-H
  • IP Packet Size to Maximize Throughput of Wireless ATM Link Layer
  • "Fragmentation Considered Harmful"
  • IP fragmentation (wp)

• Online Audio/Video
• WWW P2P
• Programari / Software
  • JXTA (Java, C, C++, C#)

• Ambient intelligence (wp)
• Programari
  • Osami-Commons (*)

• Technology watch
• ITU Search
• ITU-T Work Programme Database Search

• 3GPP
  • AT command set for User Equipment (UE): 27.007
  • AT commands
  • AV file format
  • DRM
  • TV Middleware
• IEEE
  • Ethernet
    • AVB - Audio Video Bridging (wp) (*)
      • 802.1BA
      • 802.1Qav
      • P802.1Qat
      • P802.1AS
• ITU
• LTE (4G)
  • Así está el panorama del 4G en España, su cobertura y últimas novedades
  • Jazztel 4G
  • Cómo saber si un móvil chino Android será compatible con la red de mi país
  • ¿Qué móviles chinos 4G funcionan en España?

  • banda	freqüència	companyies, països	altres usos
    12	700MHz	T-Mobile EUA
    28	700MHz
    20	800MHz		abans: GSM, TDT
    5	850MHz
    8	900MHz
    4	1700MHz 2100MHz	Amèrica
    3	1800MHz	Orange Yoigo
    1	2100MHz		3G
    40	2300MHz	Xina Nigèria Austràlia
    7	2600MHz	Movistar Orange Vodafone Jazztel Ono Telecable R
    42	3500MHz		WiMax

• Info
  • Open Mobile Alliance
  • Open Mobile Alliance (wp)

• 	Working group	docs	other info
  TP	Technical Penary
  	Architecture
  BCAST	Broadcasting		OMA BCAST (wp)
  CD	Content Distribution
  DM	Device Management		OMA DM (wp)
  DRM	Digital Rights Management	DRM DRM 1.0 DRM 2.0 DRM 2.1 DRM 2.2 RICD RICD 1.0 SRM SRM 1.0 SRM 1.1 SCE SCE 1.0	OMA DRM (wp)
  IOP	Interoperability
  LOC	Location
  COM	Communications
  REL	Release Planning & Management
  REQ	Requirements

• OMA DRM
  • DRM Content Format
    

    	description	purpose	mime-type	file extension	ISOBFF brand	encryption	tools
    DCF	DRM Content Format	discrete media (ring tones, applications, images)	application/vnd.oma.drm.dcf	.odf .o4a (audio) .o4v (video)	odcf	NULL AES_128_CBC (cipher block chaining) AES_128_CTR (counter mode)	Bento4 mp4dcfpackager
    PDCF	Packetised DRM Content Format	continuous media (audio, video)			opf2		Bento4 mp4encrypt

• Alcatel (Europa)
  • Telèfons mòbils / Mobile phones
• Com1
• Nokia
  • Careers

• Navegadors / Navigators
  • Garmin
  • TomTom
    • TomTome Home
      • TomTom Home on wine
        • no funciona amb wine64; feu servir wine (32 bits)
        • Bug 31951: TomTom Home SatNav needs KERNEL32.dll.SetVolumeMountPointW
        • Bug 7711: TomTom Home can not detect TomTom devices
      • Alternatives
        • pyTomTom (alternative to TomTom Home)
          • urpmi cabextract
        • jTomTom
  • Comercial / Commercial
    • ActivaGPS

    • 	ActivaGPS	Optize	Pixmania	Misco	PCGreen	Revolution
      TomTom 520				360 + iva
      TomTom 720	444,95 ii		457 ii + 8,50
      antena		16 + iva	46 ii	16 + iva
      TMC		73 + iva	77 ii

• Programari / Software
  • LinuxPPS
  • WXtrack
  • Viking GPS
  • GpsDrive
  • gpsd
• Stratum-0 NTP servers
• Dades / Data:
  • GPGGA
  • gpsbabel
    • Filter formats
      • Remove points within distance (position)
      • Simplify routes (simplify)
  • gpsd
• Viewing data:
  • GPS NMEA data to Google Map converter

• Col·legi Oficial d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació de Catalunya - COETC
  • ICT
    • Preguntes més freqüents 
    • Fitxes tècniques sobre ICTs 
• Generalitat de Catalunya
  • Departament de Presidència
    • Secretaria de Telecomunicacions i Societat de la Informació
  • Dursi 
    • Societat de la informació
      • ICT
  • Esborrany de nou decret de canalitzacions (pdf) 
    • gràfics (pdf)
  • Direcció General de Mitjans i Serveis de Difusió Audiovisuals - DGMA
    • Televisió
      • Emissores TV (totes) (pdf)
• Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio
  • Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Información - SETSI
    • Canales asignados a entidades habilitadas para la difusión de la televisión analógica
• Fenitel (Federación de Instaladores de Telecomunicaciones)
• Coordenades geogràfiques / Geographic coordinates
• Legislació
  • ICT
    • Normativa ICT (Direcció General d'Infraestructures i Serveis de Telecomunicacions)
  • TV
    • Legislació TDT (Fòrum TDT Catalunya)
    • Legislación Radio y TV (SETSI)

			pdf	html
Estatal	ICT	RD 201-98	fenitel
		RD 279/99
		Orden 26 oct 1999
		RD 401/2003	fenitel gencat
		Orden CTE/1296/2003	fenitel gencat
		Orden ITC/1077/2006	coetc
	TV	RD 2169/1998 (plan técnico TDT)		setsi
		RD 439/2004 (TDT local)	boe
		RD 2268/2004 (TDT local)	boe
		Ley 10/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe
		RD 944/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe	not_j
		RD 945/2005 (impulso TDT)	boe
		Orden ITC/2476/2005 (TDT)	boe
Catalunya	ICT	Decret 172/1999	gencat
		Decret 116/2000	gencat
		Decret 117/2000	gencat (q)

• Buran (Branca d'estudiants de l'IEEE de Barcelona)
• "Historias de las telecomunicaciones", José de la Peña, Ed. Ariel, 2003 
• "The Worldwide History of Telecommunications" 

• Xarxes
• Firmware
  • Linksys WRT54GL (Wikipedia)
    • Third-party firmware projects (Wikipedia)
    • LinksysInfo
      • 3rd Party Firmware Comparison: WRT54G/GS
    • OpenWrt (Linux distribution for wireless routers) (WRT54G <= v4, WRT54GL)
    • Wiki
    • freifunk (incl GUI)
    • Picospot (=PicoPoint + ChilliSpot + openWRT)
    • Configuració d'un OpenWRT per fer de router troncal (SNMP) (Catux)
    • Traducció al català
    • Multicast issue
    • HyperWrt (WRT54G, WRT54GS)
    • OpenIXP
    • DD-WRT
      • Wiki
        • File versions
        • Hard reset (30/30/30)
        • Linksys WRT54GL
        • Linking routers
          • Repeater bridge
          • Client bridged
          • Client mode (NAT)
        • Chilispot (captive portal)
        • Cellular Phone/USB Modem as WAN connection
      • hosts (DNS)
    • Tomato
    • Opennet Firmware
    • EarthLink IPv6 in the home
    • Bat Box wrt54g
    • Mode pont / Bridge mode
      • Client bridge (Wireless bridge: figure) (DD-WRT)
      • How to Configure a WRT54GL as a Bridge
  • VxWorks
• Asterisk (centraletes / PBX)
• Asterisk@Home Trixbox
• Biblioteques / Libraries
  • IT++
• DUNDi (Distributed Universal Number Discovery)
• Ekiga (SIP, H323)
• Fax
• JWChat (web-based Jabber client)
• kphone (SIP, VoIP)
• Kopete (KDE) 
• Morfeo-Project (Telefónica)
• OpenH323 
• Psi Jabber 
• SkypevConf (multi-person video conference)
  
• Speak Freely (SGI inst version) (also for Windows)
• Audio/video conference
  • The best video chat app for Linux
  • BigBlueButton (educació / learning)
  • SkypevConf (multi-person video conference)
  • Android
  • OpenTok (TokBox)
  • Google Hangouts
  • Gmail video (Google Voide and Video)
    • How Gmail Video Chat Works ?
    • XMPP (Jabber)
  • GNU Free call
  • ClassX (ROI streaming)
  • Live Minutes
  • Skype 
    • High Speed Conferencing (Vapps)
    • Mageia 4 Linux 64 bits
      • dependencies of 32 bits libraries:
        • urpmi libalsa2 libxv1 libxscrnsaver1 libqtdbus4 libqtwebkit2.2_4 libalsa-plugins-pulseaudio
      • wget http://download.skype.com/linux/skype-4.2.0.11.tar.bz2
      • http://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/downloading/?type=dynamic
        
      • tar --directory /opt -xvjf skype-4.3.0.37.tar.bz2
      • cd /opt; ln -s skype-4.3.0.37 skype
      • /opt/skype/skype

• Tecnologia / Technology
  • AFSK: Audio frequency-shift keying (wp)
  • Mòdem / Modem
  • Modulacions / Modulations
  • Near Sound Data Transfer Technology (NSDT)? (8 patents) (Tagattitude) (wp)
• Programari / Software
  • minimodem - general-purpose software audio FSK modem (Linux)
  • Potsduino (Arduino POTS)
  • Chirp (iOS)
    • how does Chirp app implemented? (so)
    • A new app lets you send pictures via sound (Computerworld)
  • Any recommendation for sound card FSK demodulator software?

• Radio waves (RF bands) (wp)

• Teleprix
• Teltarifas
• Calculadora de tu mejor tarifa y averigua la mejor manera de comprar un móvil o smartphone (Xataka Móvil)

• Fax-Modems
  • Top-Longer Módem Fax, Internet y Teléfono USB de 56K es Compatible con los Sistemas Operativos de Windows y Linux
  • V-Top External V.92 56K USB Fax Modem for Windows & Mac-Hardware (model UM02)
    • Conexant CX93010
    • ID 0572:1340 Conexant Systems (Rockwell), Inc.
    • /dev/ttyACM0
• Programari / Software
  • Serial communication
    • AT commands
  • efax
    • install
      • Mageia
        • urpmi efax-gtk
    • usage
      • Preferències / Mòdem
        • Dispositiu sèrie: ttyACM0
• ONT
  • ZTE F680
    • Application / VoIP / Fax: Enable T38

• Internet Telephony Interoperability Consortium
• FAQ: How can I use the Internet as a telephone?
• Programari AV conferència / AV conference software
• Jazztel - ZTE F680
  • ZTE ZXHN F680 (Redes Zone)
  • unlock device
    
    • Info:
      • Sacando la configuración del router de Pepephone para configurar uno alternativo
        • hash
          • QuickHash
        • modify level of a web access user
          • samba: new busybox
          • telnet 192.168.0.1 27
            • sendcmd 1 DB set DevAuthInfo 1 Level 1
              sendcmd 1 DB save
            • Note: Level 0 also works
          • web admin
            • Application / VoIP
          • V2.0.10T16 : asteriscs
      • Wake on LAN con el Router ZTE F680 de Jazztel (añadir ARP y conseguir permisos root por telnet)
        • telnet limitat
        • client samba linux
      • Firmwares routers ZTE FTTH JAZZTEL
      • Extraer datos GPON y SIP del router ZTE F680
        • alternative method to get GPION password
          • gpontest -greginfo_1g
        • Método KirO
          • Cómo obtener datos, incluidos los de VoIP, en el router ZTE F680 (KirO)
          • Método de KirO para sacar los datos SIP del ZTE F680
          • Obtener datos Router ZTE F680 (wiki)
            • plug usb stick into lateral (/mnt/usb2_1_1) USB slot
            • unlock ONT: start telnet on port 27 using samba exploit
            • telnet 192.168.1.1 27
              • /bin/cat /dev/mem >/mnt/usb2_1_1/ramf680.txt
            • remove usb stick and plug into your Linux computer
            • strings ramf680.txt >ramf680.strings.txt
            • get GPON password
              • ...
            • get SIP password
              • get your "Authorization Username" from web interface (login with user with at least Level=1 privileges):
                • Application / VoIP / SIP Accounts:
                  • Username: +34...
                  • Authorization Username: xxx@ims.jazztel.net
              • grep -A 2 xxx@ims.jazztel.net ramf680.strings.txt
                • xxx@ims.jazztel.net
                  yyyyyy
                  +34...
                • result can appear several (3?) times
                • yout clear SIP password is yyyyyy
    • Method 1: busybox / samba
      • Info
        • Desbloqueando el router ZTE F680
        • Sacando los datos del router de Fibra Masmovil
      • Steps
        1. get a USB stick
        2. format it in NTFS
        3. put 3 files in it:
           • ln -s /var/samba/lib/smb.conf .
           • wget https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.21.1/busybox-armv7l
           • mv busybox-armv7l busybox
           • cp busybox sh
        4. connect the usb stick to ONT
        5. enable samba server in ONT
        6. access the samba files in your ONT from your computer (old Windows, or allow SMB v1.0 on new versions)
           • edit smb.conf
        7. start a new samba client (old Windows, or allow SMB v1.0 on new versions)
        8. connect to new telnet session on port 27
           • telnet 192.168.1.1 27
             • sendcmd 1 DB p DevAuthInfo
             • sendcmd 1 DB p GPONCFG
             • sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
             • sendcmd 1 DB p TelnetCfg
           • depending on your version (e.g.  V2.0.10T16) you may get asterisks for password values; use KirO method instead
    • Method 2: UART
      • Info
        • [MANUAL]: Claves GPON, SIP y acceso al ZTE F680
        • Cómo quitar el ONT + Router integrado de la operadora telefónica
        • Cómo sacar las claves del ONT y del teléfono de un router. Preparación (1ª Parte)
        • Obtención mediante software de las claves del ONT y SIP del teléfono de un router. (2ª Parte)
      • Steps
        1. physical connection:
           

           ONT			USB - UART
           ZTE F680			Sparkfun FTDI Basic Breakout - 5V (DEV-09716)
           1
           2	Tx	white	RXI
           3	Rx	black	TXO
           4	GND	brown	GND
           5

        2. backup ONT config from web admin:
           • Administration / System Management / User Configuration Management: Backup Configuration
        3. serial connection (Linux serial communication)
           • screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
           • restart ONT
           • press enter on tty session
           • user/password: root/root (root/Zte521)
           • for next steps, depending on your version (e.g.  V2.0.10T16) you may get asterisks for password values; use KirO method instead
           • extract admin credentials (to be used as credentials in web access):
             • sendcmd 1 DB p DevAuthInfo
               • <DM name="User" val="admin" AccessAttr="0"/>
                 <DM name="Pass" val="########" AccessAttr="0"/>
           • extract GPON password (to use another ONT with our F680 as a router):
             • sendcmd 1 DB p GPONCFG
               • <DM name="Vendor_ID" val="ZTEG" AccessAttr="0"/>
                 ...
                 <DM name="Password" val="xXxXxXxxX#" AccessAttr="0"/>
           • extract SIP credentials (to be able to use IP phones):
             •  sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
               • <DM name="AuthUserName" val="+34#########" AccessAttr="0"/>
                 <DM name="AuthPassword" val="XxXxX#xX" AccessAttr="0"/>
                 <DM name="DigestUserName" val="+34#########@ims.masmovil.com" AccessAttr="0"/>
           • enable telnet access (permanent until next reset)
             • sendcmd 1 DB set TelnetCfg 0 UserTypeFlag 0
sendcmd 1 DB save
        4. ...
  • telnet connection (you need an unlocked device; see previous steps)
    • Info
      • Wake on LAN con el Router ZTE F680 de Jazztel (añadir ARP y conseguir permisos root por telnet)
    • telnet 192.168.1.1
      • user/password: root/Zte521
  • SIP config
    • Info:
      • Teléfono VoIP SIP, configuración y obtención de los datos de un router
        • ATA SIP Grandstream HT701
    • Steps:
      1. unlock device and get admin credentials
      2. web access: admin/...
      3. get SIP info from ONT
         • sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine
           sendcmd 1 DB p DevInfo
      4. config:
         

         source	field	example	ATA SIP Grandstream HT701	Android Phone app	Ekiga	Twinkle	...
         Web : Application/VoIP/SIP (user with Level=1 in DevAuthInfo) (sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPServer)	Primary Registrar Server	ims.jazztel.net	Primary SIP Server	Servidor	Registrador	SIP server: Registrar	Domain
         	Secondary Registrar Server	ims.jazztel.net	Failover SIP Server
         	Primary Outbond Proxy Server	212.x.x.x	Outbond Proxy	Adreça del servidor intermediari de sortida		Outbond proxy: Outbond proxy
         	Primary Proxy Port	5060	Local SIP Port	Número de port
         sendcmd 1 DB p VoIPSIPLine (or use KirO method)	AuthUserName	+34...	SIP User ID	Nom d'usuari	Usuari	SIP account: User name
         	DigestUserName	...@ims.jazztel.net	Authenticate ID		Authentication user	SIP authentication: Authentication name
         	AuthPassword	xxxx	Authenticate Password	Contrasenya	Contrasenya	SIP authentication: Password
         sendcmd 1 DB p DevInfo		ZXHN <ManuFacturer><ModelName>/<BootVer>_<ProvisioningCode><SoftwareVer_fromT>	Use SIP User-Agent Header

      5. ...
• Maquinari
  • Gateway
    • Linksys SPA3102
    • ATA SIP Grandstream HT701
  • Terminals
    • ¿Qué teléfonos SIP puedo utilizar con 3CX?
• Programari / Software
  • List of SIP software (wp)
  • Linux
    • Ekiga
    • Twinkle
  • Android
    • Info
      • Cómo hacer llamadas SIP en Android
      • VoIP Jazztel en Android ( CSipSimple )
        • telèfpn analògic deixa de funcionar
    • Aplicacions
      • Aplicació nativa de Telèfon
        • Fer trucades per Wi-Fi
          • Opció 2: utilitzar un servei VoIP per fer trucades per Wi-Fi
            • Configuració / Trucades / Comptes de trucades / Comptes SIP / +
    • CSipSimple
    • ZoiPer
    • 3CX

• Documents
  • Wireless Networking Basics (Netgear)
  • Preparing your network (Netgear)
  • Virtual Private Networks Basics (Netgear)
  • Glossary (Netgear)
• Programari / Software
  • Desenvolupament / Development
    • Biblioteques C/C++ xarxa / C/C++ Network libraries
  • Network in Linux
    • LinuxNet wiki
    • Gestió / Management
      • nmap
        • Install
          • sudo dnf install nmap
      • ifconfig
      • route
    • Captura / Capture
    • Analitzador / Analyser
    • Monitoratge / Monitoring
    • Simulació / Simulation
    • Emulació / Emulation
    • Info
      • ethtool eth0
  • LEAF (Linux Embedded Appliance Firewall)
    • LRP
  • nessus (securtiy scanner)
    • Nessus (iptables)
  • Samba
    • Utilitats / Utilities
  • • Using Samba
    • • Ch. 8: Advanced Disk Shares
    • GUI
      • smb4k (KDE)
    • HOWTO use CIFS instead of SMBFS
  • Open SSH
    • Utilitats / Utilities
    • Shh! OpenSSH Secrets Here
    • OpenSSL (Apache HTTPS server)
  • Open SSH on Windows
  • Tallafocs / Firewalls 
  • • Interactive Firewall (Mandrivalinux)
    • KMyFirewall
  • Netdisco (web-based network management, SNMP) 
  • name / IP address
    • DNS
      
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Mageia
          • urpmi bind-utils
      • nslookup/dig dns_name
      • nslookup/dig ip_address
      • dig
        • dig server.toto.org
        • specific type (e.g. TXT):
        • dig toto.org TXT
          
        • specify DNS server
          • dig @8.8.8.8 server.toto.org
        • Inverse
          • dig -x y.y.y.y
    • NetBios (MS Windows)
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Mageia
          • urpmi samba-client
      • nmblookup windows_name
      • nmblookup -A ip_address
      • findsmb
      • #!/bin/bash
x=1
while [ $x -le 255 ]
do
    nmblookup -A 172.16.11.$x
    x=$((x+1))
done
  • Ports
    • Tipus
      • 0-1023: well known ports
      • 1024-49151: registered ports
      • 49151-65536: dynamic and private ports
    • Llistat / List
      • cat /etc/services
    • Els ports poden estar blocats per / Ports can be blocked by:
      • Tallafoc / Firewall
        • iptables
        • firewalld
        • shorewall
      • SELinux
      • AWS security group
    • Open a port (eg udp:123 NTP)
      • iptables -I INPUT 1 -m udp -p udp -s 0/0  --sport 123 -d 0/0 --dport 123 -j ACCEPT (*)
      • using shorewall (urpmi shorewall)
      • firewalld
    • List of ports
    • List of TCP and UDP port numbers (wp)
    • Port numbers (IANA)
    • cat /etc/services
    • List of open ports (UNIX tips):
      • How to check open ports in Linux using the CLI
      • local machine:
        • ss (iproute2)
          • ss -tulpn
        • netstat
          • DEPRECATED. Use iproute2 (see equivalence table) tools: ip -s, ss, ip route
          • Instal·lació / Installation
            • Mageia
            • sudo dnf install net-tools
            • CentOS
              • sudo yum install net-tools
          • netstat -pena --ip
            • if a port is listed, it means that a process is listening to it
          • netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
          • multicast
            • netstat -g
            • netstat -anu|sort -nk4
          • Local address:

            • Local address	description	nmap from other computer	config
              			Apache	nginx	Postgresql	Postfix
              					postgresql.conf	main.cf
              127.0.0.1:<port>	service is only available locally	-		listen localhost:80;	listen_addresses = 'localhost'	inet_interfaces = localhost
              0.0.0.0:<port>	service is available from any computer from outside, through any network interface	<port>/tcp open <service>		listen 80;	listen_addresses = '*'	inet_interfaces = all
              192.168.1.100:<port>	service is available from any computer from outside, through network interface with address 192.168.1.100	<port>/tcp open <service>		listen 192.168.1.100:80;	listen_addresses = '192.168.1.100' port = 5432	inet_interfaces = $myhostname

        • ...
      • remote machine:
        • nmap
          • Examples
            • scan 1000 most used ports:
              
              • nmap <server_ip>
            • scan a specific port:
              • nmap -p 11211 <server_ip>
            • if remote computer has a firewall:
              • nmap -Pn <server_ip>
            • nmap -v -sU -pU:123 --reason <server_ip>
            • UDP (-sU)
              • sudo nmap -sU -p 19302 stun.l.google.com
          • STATE
            • open: port is accessible and a process is listening to it
            • closed (not listed when remote computer has no firewall): port is accessible, but no process is listening to it
            • filtered (not listed, unless option "-d -d" is specified): port is not accessible, because it is blocked by:
              • firewall (firewalld, shorewall, iptables)
              • AWS security group
              • SELinux (?)
        • nc / netcat / ncat
          • Examples
            • port range 20-30
              • nc -z ip_address 20-30
            • UDP
              • nc -vu stun.l.google.com 19302
    • who is using a port
      • fuser 80/tcp
  • arping
    • arping -c 3 -b -I em0 195.168.1.10
    • How to: Detect Duplicate IP Address With arping command under Linux
      • arping -c 2 -b -D -I em0 192.168.1.10
  • Multicast
    • Multicast over TCP/IP HOWTO
      • ping 224.0.0.1
    • route
      • Multicast HowTo
        • CORE (Common Open Research Emulator)
      • static
        • smcroute
      • dynamic
        • mrouted
          • Linux mrouted MiniHOWTO (How to set up Linux for multicast routing)
        • pimd
  • IPv6
    • /proc/net/if_inet6
    • The IPv6 Portal
    • IPv6-aware Programming on Linux
    • Debian IPv6 Networking Configuration
  • MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) (wp)

    • Network	MTU (bytes)
      16 Mbit/Sec Token Ring	17914
      4 Mbits/Sec Token Ring	4464
      FDDI	4352
      Ethernet	1500
      IEEE 802.3/802.2	1492
      PPPoE	1492
      PPPoA	1458
      X.25	576

    • Linux MTU change size ()
    • SpeedGuide analizer
      • Linux tweaking
• Desenvolupament / Development
  • UDP
    • Potser haureu de deshabilitar el tallafoc
      

      	send	receive
      ncat	echo -ne "\x04\x00\x10\x00" | ncat -u 192.168.0.111 21105
      C++
      Python	import socket UDP_DST_IP = "192.168.0.111" UDP_DST_PORT = 21105 UDP_PAYLOAD = "..." sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.sendto(bytes(UDP_PAYLOAD, "utf-8"), (UDP_IP, UDP_PORT))    sock.close()	import socket UDP_PORT = 8888 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sock.bind(('', UDP_PORT)) while True:     data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)     print("received message:")     print(data.decode('utf-8'))
      ESP32	WiFiUDPClient.ino #include <WiFiUdp.h> void loop(){   //only send data when connected   if(connected){     Serial.println(String(millis()) + " sending udp packet");     //Send a packet     udp.beginPacket(udpAddress,udpPort);     udp.printf("Seconds since boot: %lu", millis()/1000);     udp.endPacket();   }   //Wait for 1 second   delay(1000); }
      Java
      ...

  • ...
• VLAN
  • Switch
    • Allied AT-GS950/8
  • VLAN support in Linux (Linux Journal)
  • Configurar una VLAN en Linux con vconfig
• Xarxes domèstiques / Home networks
• WiFi 
  • maquinari / hardware
    • firmware
  • Linux
  • Wireless access point (Ask Leo)
  • Sagem Orga and Telefonica turn the SIM card into a Wi-Fi hotspot
  • Capacitat / Capacity
    • Best Practices for High Density Wireless Network Design In Education and Small/Medium Businesses (pdf) (Netgear)
    • WiFi sites survey (Ekahau)
    • [Tutorial]Calculating Number of APs for High Density Scenarios
    • High-Density Wi-Fi Design Principles (pdf) (Aerohive)
    • WiFi downloads
• Accés remot / Remote access
• HomeRF
• Home Networking Tutorial 
• Practically Networked
• Ponts / Bridges
• Tallafocs / Firewalls 
  
  • firestarter
  • shorewall (Mageia)
  • ufw (Ubuntu)
  • iptables
  • firewalld (CentOS) 
  • Linuxrouter
• Zeroconf (.local) 
  
  • Using Zeroconf on Linux: What Is It Good For?
  • Protocols
    • mDNS (multicast DNS)
    • DNS-SD (service discovery)

  • 	package installation	usage	info	ports	Mageia Control Center (shorewall)
    server			Synology NAS DSM 7: File Services -> Advanced ssh ps aux | grep avahi
    	apt-get install avahi-daemon	insserv avahi-daemon	Debian / RPi
    	urpmi avahi	systemctl start avahi-daemon	Mageia
    	yum install avahi	systemctl start avahi-daemon	CentOS
    client		dolphin network:/	mDNS (multicast DNS)	5353/udp	Seguretat / Tallafoc personal: «Autodescobriment de serveis de xarxa (zeroconf i slp)»
    		dolphin zeroconf:/	DNS-SD (service discovery)	(still needed?) 427/udp
    	avahi	avahi-browse -a -r -t
    	avahi-x11	avahi-discover-standalone
    	avahi-python	avahi-discover

  • Servidor / Server
    • Synology
    • Avahi (Linux)
      • Config
        • /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
          • [server]
host-name=my_pc
domain-name=local
        • /etc/avahi/services/
          • Advertising Linux Services via Avahi/Bonjour
          • httpd.service
            • <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
  <name replace-wildcards="yes">HTTP server on %h</name>
  <service>
    <type>_http._tcp</type>
    <port>80</port>
  </service>  
</service-group>
          • openssh.service
            • <?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
  <name replace-wildcards="yes">Remote Access on %h</name>
  <service>
    <type>_ssh._tcp</type>
    <port>22</port>
  </service>
  <service>
    <type>_sftp-ssh._tcp</type>
    <port>22</port>
  </service>  
</service-group>
      • Ports ... must be open
      • Start / Stop / Status
        • systemd services
          • systemctl status avahi-daemon.service
        • SysV init
          
          • service avahi-daemon start
        • Debian / Raspberry Pi
          • sudo insserv avahi-daemon
          • ...
      • Problemes / Problems
        • no es troben màquines remotes de tipus .local
          • cerqueu-les amb:
            • avahi-discover-standalone
          • comproveu que la màquina remota té engegat el servidor (p.ex. avahi, tant en una màquina linux com en un NAS Synology)
          • comproveu que el tallafoc de la instància des d'on voleu veure la remota, permet el pas dels paquets zeroconf:
            • Mageia
              • Autodescobriment de serveis de xarxa (zeroconf i slp)
          • avahi-daemon and ".local" domain issues
      • ...
  • Client
    • Ports must be open
    • Dolphin
      • Xarxa / Network (remote:)
        • Xarxa / Network (mDNS) (network:/)
        • Serveis de xarxa / Network services (DNS-SD) (zeroconf:/)
    • CLI (avahi)
      • avahi-browse -a -r -t (dnf install avahi)
      • avahi-discover (urpmi avahi-python)
      • avahi-discover-standalone (urpmi avahi-x11)
  • Programari / Software
    • Howl
    • Bonjour (wp)
• Network switching tutorial
• Network interfaces (OpenWrt)
• IP over DVB
  • ipdvb (IETF)
• NTP (Network Time Protocol) (123/UDP)
  • NTP
    • Servers
    • NTP Support web
  • pool.ntp.org
  • NTP: timing is everything (Linux Magazine)
  • Cómo mantener la hora exacta de tu ordenador mediante NTP (Oxixares)
  • Time Tools (Mandriva Club)
  • Sincronització de la data i l?hora en les xarxes dels centre (pdf)
  • Instalación de un servidor NTP
  • Gentoo Howto NTP (restrict with firewalls)
  • Using the NIST Leap Second File
  • Setup (Linux, MS Windows)
  • Stratum-0 servers from GPS
    • LinuxPPS
    • Adding a FreeBSD NTP server based on an GPS 18 LVC device
    • Using a Garmin GPS 18 LVC as NTP stratum-0 on Linux 2.6
    • NTP GPS/TAC2 Project
    • Windows time server: TripNav TN-200
  • Commercial products
    • Symmetricom
    • TimeTools
• PTP (Precision Time Protocol) (IEEE 1588) (Wikipedia)
  • IEEE 1588 (Institute of Embedded Systems)
    • PTPManager
  • Using PTP for synchronizing legacy networks (Meinberg)
• TCP Westwood+ congestion control
• hosts (DNS)
  • UNIX
    • /etc/hosts
  • dd-wrt
    • Services / Services / DNSMasq
      • Enable LocalDNS
        • address=/fake_domain.org/192.168.1.123
  • MS Windows
• Problema: paquets duplicats / Problem: duplicated packets
  • Check that you don't have a network interface called "PANDA NDIS IM Filter"
• DHCP
  • DHCP | Internet Systems Consortium
    • Migration Tips For Upgrading From DHCP 3 to DHCP 4
  • Client
    • dhclient
      • DHCP_HOSTNAME
  • Configuració de servidor / Server setup
• Problemes / Problems
  • L'accés a alguns servidors darrere una NAT funciona per WiFi però no per Ethernet / Access to some servers behind a NAT works using WiFi but not using Ethernet
    • Solució / Solution
      • a l'encaminador, assegureu-vos que la connexió ADSL és PPPoE (MTU=1492) i no PPPoA (MTU=1458) / in the router, check that ADSL connection is using PPPoE (MTU=1492) and not PPPoA (MTU=1458)
• SNMP
  • Programari / Software
  • DVB
  • Synology
  • Synology DiskStation: MIB Guide

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Darrera modificació: 25 de juny de 2024 / Last update: 25th June 2024